2005-3-31更新
OpenBSD LiveCD制作过程
刚开始接触OpenBSD时，我就很想使用OpenBSD LiveCD，但没找到。今年1月那时起就想自己做一个LiveCD，一个新年一过，就将它放下了，现在又重新开始制作，今天写这篇文章只是我思路的一个开始，制作的LiveCD，还不完善，我会后续为其改进。
制作过程：
一、 准备工作：
1、 一个能运行OpenBSD系统的所需要的必备文件，这里我就没像一些mini LiveCD那样对系统进行剔牛肉进行精减了，只是将一个能运行的系统的所有文件进行备份。而且如果备份的文件不大， 那制作出的LiveCD就很小，我们就可以将这个备份的系统文件也一起放进CD中，到时就可以用这个LiveCD安装系统，方法就是我今年1月3日写的《OpenBSD 另类安装法》。
2、 OpenBSD系统的源程序，我们在制作过程中需要编译光盘镜像。
二、 将备份的系统文件解开到一个目录下，我将以这个目录作为LiveCD的根目录制作CD，如/usr/live/。
三、 将OpenBSD源程序解开到/usr/src下，然后：
1、 安装必须的程序：
# cd /usr/src/distrib/crunch/crunchgen
#make; make install
#cd /usr/src/distrib/crunch/crunchide
#make; make install
2、 定制内核
内核文件是/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/conf/RAMDISK_CD，我们需要对这个文件进行修改，其中有三行最重要，一定不能少：
option MFS
option UNION
config bsd root on cd0a
LiveCD运行于MFS上，而且它的根目录在CD上。
还有其它一些选项如：
option SMALL_KERNEL
option NO_PROPLICE
option TIMEZONE=0
option DST=0
option RAMDISK_HOOKS
option MINIROOTSIZE=3560
需要将一些多余的东西删除，因此这个内核大小控制在2.88M以内，太大时会编译失败。我的RAMDISK_CD是将/usr/src/sys/arch/i386/conf/GENERIC 和/usr/src/sys/conf/GENERIC这两个文章合并然后去掉一些内容整理出来的。
3、 编译内核
# cd /usr/src/distrib/i386/ramdisk_cd
#make
成功后会在目录下生成cdrom36.fs这个文件，我们将这个文件复制到制作LiveCD的目录下/usr/live/。
四、 修改/usr/live/etc中的各类文件
1、fstab
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CODE:
/dev/cd0a / cd9660 ro,noatime 0 0
swap /dev mfs rw,noatime,union,-s=16384 0 0
swap /tmp mfs rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,noatime,-s=32768 0 0
swap /etc mfs rw,noatime,-s=16384 0 0
swap /var mfs rw,noatime,-s=16384 0 0
swap /home mfs rw,noatime,-s=16384 0 0
以前我没发现fstab的功能居然如此强大, 以为它只能mount已分好的挂载点, 原来它在光盘系统中还可以在启动时自动挂载写入fstab中的mfs.
2、rc
OpenBSD启动时首先读取这个文件， 如果找不到它就会读取根目录下的/.profile文件进行初始配置。
修改/etc/rc文件, 三个地方修改
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CODE:
# $OpenBSD: rc,v 1.251 2004/08/21 08:17:28 hshoexer Exp $
# System startup script run by init on autoboot
# or after single-user.
# Output and error are redirected to console by init,
# and the console is the controlling terminal.
# Subroutines (have to come first).
# Strip comments (and leading/trailing whitespace if IFS is set)
# from a file and spew to stdout
stripcom() {
local _file="$1"
local _line
{
while read _line ; do
_line=${_line%%#*} # strip comments
test -z "$_line" && continue
echo $_line
done
} < $_file
}
# End subroutines
stty status '^T'
# Set shell to ignore SIGINT (2), but not children;
# shell catches SIGQUIT (3) and returns to single user after fsck.
trap : 2
trap : 3 # shouldn't be needed
HOME=/; export HOME
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
export PATH
if [ $1x = shutdownx ]; then
dd if=/dev/urandom of=/var/db/host.random bs=1024 count=64 >;/dev/null 2>;&1
chmod 600 /var/db/host.random >;/dev/null 2>;&1
if [ $? -eq 0 -a -f /etc/rc.shutdown ]; then
echo /etc/rc.shutdown in progress...
. /etc/rc.shutdown
echo /etc/rc.shutdown complete.
# bring carp interfaces down gracefully
for hn in /etc/hostname.carp[0-9]*; do
# Strip off /etc/hostname. prefix
if=${hn#/etc/hostname.}
test "$if" = "carp[0-9]*" && continue
ifconfig $if >; /dev/null 2>;&1
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then
ifconfig $if down
fi
done
if [ "X${powerdown}" = X"YES" ]; then
exit 2
fi
else
echo single user: not running /etc/rc.shutdown
fi
exit 0
fi
# Configure ccd devices.
if [ -f /etc/ccd.conf ]; then
ccdconfig -C
fi
# Configure raid devices.
for dev in 0 1 2 3; do
if [ -f /etc/raid$dev.conf ]; then
raidctl -c /etc/raid$dev.conf raid$dev
fi
done
# Check parity on raid devices.
raidctl -P all
swapctl -A -t blk
if [ -e /fastboot ]; then
echo "Fast boot: skipping disk checks."
elif [ $1x = autobootx ]; then
echo "Automatic boot in progress: starting file system checks."
# fsck –p 这一行要注释掉
case $? in
0)
;;
2)
exit 1
;;
4)
echo "Rebooting..."
reboot
echo "Reboot failed; help!"
exit 1
;;
8)
echo "Automatic file system check failed; help!"
exit 1
;;
12)
echo "Boot interrupted."
exit 1
;;
130)
# interrupt before catcher installed
exit 1
;;
*)
echo "Unknown error; help!"
exit 1
;;
esac
fi
trap "echo 'Boot interrupted.'; exit 1" 3
umount -a >;/dev/null 2>;&1
mount -a -t nonfs
mount -uw / # root on nfs requires this, others aren't hurt
rm -f /fastboot # XXX (root now writeable)
这里需要在/dev下建立三个设备点, 不然后一步tar出错, 系统启动时会问题多多
mknod /dev/stdout c 22 1
mknod /dev/stdin c 22 0
mknod /dev/stderr c 22 2
if [ -f /mfs/mfs.tgz ]; then
tar zxpf /mfs/mfs.tgz -C /
echo 'Fixed up mfs from /mfs/mfs.tgz'
fi
chmod 755 /dev /etc /var
chmod a+rwx,a+t /tmp
# set flags on ttys. (do early, in case they use tty for SLIP in netstart)
echo 'setting tty flags'
ttyflags -a
if [ "X${pf}" != X"NO" ]; then
RULES="block all"
RULES="$RULES\npass on lo0"
RULES="$RULES\npass in proto tcp from any to any port 22 keep state"
RULES="$RULES\npass out proto { tcp, udp } from any to any port 53 keep state"
RULES="$RULES\npass out inet proto icmp all icmp-type echoreq keep state"
RULES="$RULES\npass out inet6 proto icmp6 all icmp6-type routersol"
RULES="$RULES\npass in inet6 proto icmp6 all icmp6-type routeradv"
RULES="$RULES\npass proto { pfsync, carp }"
case `sysctl vfs.mounts.nfs 2>;/dev/null` in
*[1-9]*)
# don't kill NFS
RULES="scrub in all no-df\n$RULES"
RULES="$RULES\npass in proto udp from any port { 111, 2049 } to any"
RULES="$RULES\npass out proto udp from any to any port { 111, 2049 }"
;;
esac
echo $RULES | pfctl -f - -e
fi
if [ -f /etc/sysctl.conf ]; then
(
# delete comments and blank lines
set -- `stripcom /etc/sysctl.conf`
while [ $# -ge 1 ] ; do
sysctl $1
shift
done
)
fi
# set hostname, turn on network
echo "Setting Network......" 修改这里, 加入我写的setnetwork脚本,
. /etc/setnetwork 这样网络设置在每台机上都可以重新设置而不是更改文件.
3、上一步最后有一个setnetwork脚本，这一步写出。我的脚本编写不会， 只好从其它地方抄过来，有一些错误，需要请高手改写。这个文件有点大， 贴在最后吧！
4、将一些网络配置的文件删除如：hosts, mygate等。上一步的network在启动时会生成这些配置文件。
五、 备份几个目录，在4.3 rc脚本中的MFS部分那个文件。
在/usr/live/ LiveCD根目录下建立文件夹：mfs 然后：
# tar cvzfp mfs/mfs.tgz dev etc home var
六、 制作ISO镜像：
# cd /usr/live
# mkhybrid –b cdrom36.fs –c boot.catalog –R –v –o /usr/OpenBSD-LiveCD.iso /usr/live
现在制作完成， 你可以用虚拟机测试这个生成的ISO镜像。
参考了网上许多文章, 这里就不一一列出来了, 感谢那些大哥写出那么好的教程.
我现在还有几个问题需要解决，主要是MFS这方面的，另外shell脚本的错误也需要大家来解决。
设置网络用的setnetwork脚本:
setnetwork：
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CODE:
#!/bin/sh
get_dkdevs() {
bsort `sed -ne "${MDDISKDEVS:-/^[sw]d[0-9][0-9]* /s/ .*//p}" /var/run/dmesg.boot`
}
get_cddevs() {
bsort `sed -ne "${MDCDDEVS:-/^cd[0-9][0-9]* /s/ .*//p}" /var/run/dmesg.boot`
}
get_ifdevs() {
ifconfig -a \
| egrep -v '^[[:space:]]|(bridge|enc|gif|gre|lo|pflog|pfsync|ppp|sl|tun|vlan)[[:digit:]]+:' \
| sed -ne 's/^\(.*\):.*/\1/p'
}
askpass() {
set -o noglob
stty -echo
read resp?"$1 "
stty echo
set +o noglob
echo
}
ask() {
local _question=$1 _default=$2
set -o noglob
while : ; do
echo -n "$_question "
[[ -z $_default ]] || echo -n "[$_default] "
read resp
case $resp in
!) echo "Type 'exit' to return to install."
sh
;;
!*) eval ${resp#?}
;;
*) : ${resp:=$_default}
break
;;
esac
done
set +o noglob
}
ask_until() {
resp=
while [[ -z $resp ]] ; do
ask "$1" "$2"
done
}
ask_yn() {
local _q=$1 _a=${2:-no} _resp
typeset -l _resp
while : ; do
ask "$_q" "$_a"
_resp=$resp
case $_resp in
y|yes) resp=y ; return ;;
n|no) resp=n ; return ;;
esac
done
}
ask_which() {
local _name=$1 _query=$2 _devs=$3 _defdev=$4 _err=$5
set -- $_devs
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
echo "${_err:=No ${_name}s found}."
resp=done
return
fi
: ${_defdev:=$1}
_devs="$*"
while : ; do
ask "Available ${_name}s are: ${_devs}.\nWhich one ${_query}? (or 'done')" "$_defdev"
[[ $resp == done ]] && break
if isin "$resp" $_devs; then
makedev $resp && break
else
echo "'$resp' is not a valid choice."
fi
done
}
isin() {
local _a=$1 _b
shift
for _b; do
[ "$_a" = "$_b" ] && return 0
done
return 1
}
addel() {
local _a=$1
shift
echo -n "$*"
isin "$_a" $* || echo -n " $_a"
}
rmel() {
local _a=$1 _b
shift
for _b; do
[ "$_a" != "$_b" ] && echo -n "$_b "
done
}
edit_tmp_file() {
local _file=$1
ask_yn "Edit $_file with $EDITOR?"
[[ $resp == y ]] && $EDITOR /tmp/$_file
}
manual_net_cfg() {
ask_yn "Do you want to do any manual network configuration?"
[[ $resp == y ]] && { echo "Type 'exit' to return to $MODE." ; sh ; }
}
makedev() {
local _dev=$1 _node=/dev/r${1}c
if isin $_dev $IFDEVS || [[ -c $_node || -z ${_dev##+([0-9])} ]] ; then
return 0
fi
if [[ ! -r /dev/MAKEDEV ]] ; then
echo "No /dev/MAKEDEV. Can't create device nodes for ${_dev}."
return 1
fi
(cd /dev; sh MAKEDEV $_dev)
[[ -c $_node ]] || return 1
DEVSMADE=`addel $_dev $DEVSMADE`
}
addhostent() {
sed "/ $2\$/d" /etc/hosts >; /etc/hosts.new
mv /etc/hosts.new /etc/hosts
echo "$1 $2" >;>; /etc/hosts
}
configure_ifs() {
local _IFDEVS=$IFDEVS _ifs _name _media _hn
while : ; do
ask_which "interface" "do you wish to initialize" "$_IFDEVS" \
"" "No more interfaces to initialize"
[[ $resp == done ]] && break
_ifs=$resp
_hn=/etc/hostname.$_ifs
ask "Symbolic (host) name for $_ifs?" "$(hostname -s)"
_name=$resp
_media=$(ifconfig -m $_ifs | grep "media ")
if [[ -n $_media ]]; then
cat << __EOT
The media options for $_ifs are currently
$(ifconfig -m $_ifs | sed -n '/supported/D;/media:/p')
__EOT
ask_yn "Do you want to change the media options?"
case $resp in
y) cat << __EOT
Supported media options for $_ifs are:
$_media
__EOT
ask "Media options for $_ifs?"
_media=$resp
ifconfig $_ifs $_media || return 1
;;
n) _media=
;;
esac
fi
rm -f $_hn
v4_config "$_ifs" "$_media" "$_name" "$_hn"
[[ -f $_hn ]] && _IFDEVS=$(rmel "$_ifs" $_IFDEVS)
done
}
v4_info() {
ifconfig $1 inet | sed -n '
1s/.*<UP,.*/UP/p
1s/.*<.*/DOWN/p
/inet/s/netmask//
/inet/s///p'
}
dhcp_request() {
local _ifs=$1 _hostname=$2
echo "initial-interval 1;" >; /etc/dhclient.conf
if [[ -n $_hostname ]]; then
echo "send host-name \"$_hostname\";" >;>; /etc/dhclient.conf
echo "Issuing hostname-associated DHCP request for $_ifs."
else
echo "Issuing free-roaming DHCP request for $_ifs."
fi
cat >;>; /etc/dhclient.conf << __EOT
request subnet-mask,
broadcast-address,
routers,
domain-name,
domain-name-servers,
host-name;
__EOT
cat >;>; /etc/resolv.conf.tail << __EOT
lookup file bind
__EOT
dhclient $_ifs
set -- $(v4_info $_ifs)
if [[ $1 == UP && $2 == "0.0.0.0" ]]; then
ifconfig $_ifs delete down
rm /etc/dhclient.conf /etc/resolv.conf.tail
return 1
fi
# cp /etc/dhclient.conf /tmp/dhclient.conf
# cp /etc/resolv.conf.tail /tmp/resolv.conf.tail
return 0
}
v4_config() {
local _ifs=$1 _media=$2 _name=$3 _hn=$4 _prompt
set -- $(v4_info $_ifs)
if [[ -n $2 ]]; then
ifconfig $_ifs inet $2 delete
[[ $2 != "0.0.0.0" ]] && { _addr=$2; _mask=$3; }
fi
[[ -x /sbin/dhclient ]] && _prompt=" or 'dhcp'"
_prompt="IPv4 address for $_ifs? (or 'none'$_prompt)"
ask_until "$_prompt" "$_addr"
case $resp in
none) ;;
dhcp) if [[ ! -x /sbin/dhclient ]]; then
echo "DHCP not possible - no /sbin/dhclient."
elif dhcp_request $_ifs "$_name" || dhcp_request $_ifs ; then
addhostent "127.0.0.1" "$_name"
echo "dhcp NONE NONE NONE $_media" >; $_hn
fi
;;
*) _addr=$resp
ask_until "Netmask?" "${_mask:=255.255.255.0}"
if ifconfig $_ifs inet $_addr netmask $resp up ; then
addhostent "$_addr" "$_name"
echo "inet $_addr $resp NONE $_media" >; $_hn
fi
;;
esac
}
v4_defroute() {
local _dr _prompt=" or 'none'"
[[ -x /sbin/dhclient ]] && _prompt=", 'dhcp'$_prompt"
_prompt="Default IPv4 route? (IPv4 address$_prompt)"
_dr=$(route -n show -inet | sed -ne '/^default */{s///; s/ .*//; p;}')
[[ -f /tmp/dhclient.conf ]] && _dr=dhcp
while : ; do
ask_until "$_prompt" "$_dr"
case $resp in
none|dhcp) break ;;
esac
route delete -inet default >; /dev/null 2>;&1
route -n add -inet -host default "$resp" && { echo "$resp" >;/etc/mygate ; break ; }
route -n add -inet -host default $_dr >;/dev/null 2>;&1
done
}
isalphanumeric() {
local _n=$1
while [[ ${#_n} -ne 0 ]]; do
case $_n in
[A-Za-z0-9]*) ;;
*) return 1;;
esac
_n=${_n#?}
done
return 0
}
enable_network() {
local _netfile
# for _netfile in hosts dhclient.conf resolv.conf resolv.conf.tail protocols services; do
# if [ -f /mnt/etc/${_netfile} ]; then
# cp /mnt/etc/${_netfile} /etc/${_netfile}
# fi
# done
ifconfig lo0 inet 127.0.0.1
for hn in /etc/hostname.*; do
if=${hn#/etc/hostname.}
if ! isalphanumeric "$if"; then
continue
fi
ifconfig $if >; /dev/null 2>;&1
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
continue
fi
while :; do
if [ "$cmd2" ]; then
set -- $cmd2
af=$1 name=$2 mask=$3 bcaddr=$4 ext1=$5 cmd2=
i=1; while [ i -lt 6 -a -n "$1" ]; do shift; let i=i+1; done
ext2="$@"
else
read af name mask bcaddr ext1 ext2 || break
fi
case $af in
"#"*|"!"*|"bridge"|""|"rtsol")
continue
;;
"dhcp") [ "$name" = "NONE" ] && name=
[ "$mask" = "NONE" ] && mask=
[ "$bcaddr" = "NONE" ] && bcaddr=
ifconfig $if $name $mask $bcaddr $ext1 $ext2 down
cmd="dhclient $if"
;;
"up")
cmd="ifconfig $if $name $mask $bcaddr $ext1 $ext2 up"
;;
*) read dt dtaddr
if [ "$name" = "alias" ]; then
alias=$name
name=$mask
mask=$bcaddr
bcaddr=$ext1
ext1=$ext2
ext2=
else
alias=
fi
cmd="ifconfig $if $af $alias $name "
case $dt in
dest) cmd="$cmd $dtaddr"
;;
[a-z!]*)
cmd2="$dt $dtaddr"
;;
esac
if [ ! -n "$name" ]; then
echo "/etc/hostname.$if: invalid network configuration file"
return
fi
case $af in
inet) [ "$mask" ] && cmd="$cmd netmask $mask"
if [ "$bcaddr" -a "$bcaddr" != "NONE" ]; then
cmd="$cmd broadcast $bcaddr"
fi
[ "$alias" ] && rtcmd="; route -qn add -host $name 127.0.0.1"
;;
inet6)
continue
;;
*) cmd="$cmd $mask $bcaddr"
esac
cmd="$cmd $ext1 $ext2$rtcmd" rtcmd=
;;
esac
eval "$cmd"
done </etc/hostname.$if
done
if [ -f /etc/mygate ]; then
route delete default >;/dev/null 2>;&1
route -qn add -host default $(< /etc/mygate)
fi
route -qn add -host `hostname` 127.0.0.1 >;/dev/null
route -qn add -net 127 127.0.0.1 -reject >;/dev/null
echo "Network interface configuration:"
ifconfig -am
route -n show
if [ -f /etc/resolv.conf ]; then
echo "\nResolver enabled."
else
echo "\nResolver not enabled."
fi
}
get_fqdn() {
local _dn
_dn=$(hostname)
_dn=${_dn#$(hostname -s)}
_dn=${_dn#.}
echo "${_dn:=my.domain}"
}
donetconfig() {
local _dn _ns
configure_ifs
if [ -f /etc/resolv.conf.shadow ]; then
mv /etc/resolv.conf.shadow /etc/resolv.conf
_ns=$(sed -ne '/^nameserver /s///p' /etc/resolv.conf)
_dn=$(sed -n \
-e '/^domain[[:space:]][[:space:]]*/{s///;s/\([^[:space:]]*\).*$/\1/;h;}' \
-e '/^search[[:space:]][[:space:]]*/{s///;s/\([^[:space:]]*\).*$/\1/;h;}' \
-e '${g;p;}' /tmp/resolv.conf)
fi
ask "DNS domain name? (e.g. 'bar.com')" "${_dn:=$(get_fqdn)}"
hostname "$(hostname -s).$resp"
ask "DNS nameserver? (IP address or 'none')" "${_ns:=none}"
if [[ $resp != none ]]; then
echo "lookup file bind" >; /etc/resolv.conf
for _ns in $resp; do
echo "nameserver $_ns" >;>; /etc/resolv.conf
done
ask_yn "Use the nameserver now?" yes
[[ $resp == y ]] && cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.shadow
fi
[[ -n $(ifconfig -a | sed -ne '/[ ]inet .* broadcast /p') ]] && v4_defroute
# edit_tmp_file hosts
# manual_net_cfg
}
IFDEVS=$(get_ifdevs)
MODE=OpenBSD-LiveCD
EDITOR=mg
ask_until "\nSystem hostname? (short form, e.g. 'foo')" "$(hostname -s)"
[[ ${resp%%.*} != $(hostname -s) ]] && hostname $resp
( cd /etc; rm -f host* my* resolv.* dhclient.* )
cat >; /etc/hosts << __EOT
::1 localhost
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 $(hostname -s)
127.0.0.1 $(hostname -s)
__EOT
ask_yn "Configure the network?" yes
[[ $resp == y ]] && donetconfig
( cd /etc
hostname >; myname
_dn=$(get_fqdn)
while read _addr _hn _aliases; do
if [[ -n $_aliases || $_hn != ${_hn%%.*} || -z $_dn ]]; then
echo "$_addr $_hn $_aliases"
else
echo "$_addr $_hn.$_dn $_hn"
fi
done < hosts >; hosts.new
mv hosts.new hosts
)
ask "HTTP/FTP proxy URL? (e.g. 'http://proxy:8080', or 'none')" \
"${ftp_proxy:-none}"
unset ftp_proxy http_proxy
[[ $resp == none ]] || export ftp_proxy=$resp http_proxy=$resp
我将制作的一个livecd放在:
ftp://ftp.linuxeden.com/rianren/
各位可以下载来试试!
